The family Geminiviridae consists of viruses with one or two, circular single stranded DNA (ssDNA) of 2.5–5.2 kb in size as their genomic material. The word Gemini is derived from the Latin geminus meaning “twin,” describing the particle morphology of twinned (geminate) particles. Geminiviruses are transmitted by diverse homopteran insects belonging to four families which include whiteflies, leafhoppers, aphids, and treehoppers. Geminiviruses infect a wide range of plants, so they are important pathogens of many crops in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. At present 549 members of Geminiviridae are currently divided into 15 genera: Becurtovirus, Begomovirus, Capulavirus, Citlodavirus, Curtovirus, Eragrovirus, Grablovirus, Maldovirus, Mastrevirus, Mulcrilevirus, Opunvirus, Topilevirus, Topocuvirus, Turncurtovirus, and Welwivirus with the Begomovirus containing the largest of all plant-infecting virus species (464) (Fiallo-Olivé et al. 2021; ICTV Master Species List 2025). As per the latest ICTV Master Species list (2025), there are 549 species under the family Geminiviridae. The important distinguishing characteristics of different genera and the species associated with the family Geminiviridae are given in Table 2.1, while Fig. 2.1 presents the number of species in each genus. Begomoviruses are vectored by the cryptic whitefly species complexes, while leafhoppers transmit members of Curtovirus, Becurtovirus, Mastrevirus, and Turncurtovirus. Members of the genera Capulavirus are transmitted by aphids and those of Grablovirus and Topocuvirus by treehoppers. The vectors of species from the remaining genera are not known (Table 2.2).