With the rapid development of China’s social economy and the continuous improvement of urbanization, a range of issues impacting the quality of community spaces have emerged, including inadequate transportation, environmental degradation, insufficient amenities, housing and employment imbalances, as well as limited recreational areas. Consequently, there is an inherent public desire to establish healthy and livable communities that offer comfort, convenience, safety, and aesthetic appeal. This study examines the correlation between new urbanism and the concept of community environment livability by constructing an evaluation index system and model to quantitatively analyze Mianyang old city’s overall level of community environment livability along with its influencing factors. Additionally, it summarizes various types of communities in terms of their spatial distribution and characteristics while proposing optimization strategies tailored to each type. The results of this study show that: (1) the livability of Mianyang Old city community decreases gradually from south to north, from east to west, and there is a big difference between the south and north. The areas with high livability evaluation value are concentrated in the central area of the old city, while the “poor” area is distributed in the western fringe area; (2) The service facilities and living environment of the old city community are highly valued, while the employment and public leisure areas need to be improved; (3) The 28 communities can be divided into five types: “environment improvement type, quality optimization type, basic improvement type, housing security type and function repair type”, and the optimization strategy is proposed.