Existing research findings on how climate disasters and change affect agricultural economic growth are not entirely consistent. In order to explore the general law, more than 600 estimates are incorporated to analyze the sources of bias in the variability of the research results, and summarize the general pattern of climate disasters and change impacts on agricultural economic growth by using Meta-analysis. It is based on five aspects of data, including the caliber of economic statistics, meteorological variations, irrigation situations, adaptive measures adoptions, and regional development situations. The results show that: First, meteorological disasters and climate change have a significant impact on agricultural economy, and publication bias is not significant. Second, whether irrigation has a significant impact on agricultural economy, game theory should be used to plan irrigation facilities reasonably in the context of climate change. Third, extreme weather causes more significant agricultural economic losses than meteorological disasters, and future research can further refine extreme weather data indicators.