When to Perform Noninvasive Test for Helicobacter pylori?

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a motile, spiral- or curved rod-shaped Gram-negative bacterium with multiple flagella, residing in the gastric mucous-coated lining and the gastric pits of the epithelial tissue of the stomach. A noninvasive H. pylori test refers to techniques that do not require any endoscopic tools. While several noninvasive H. pylori tests are in routine clinical use, there is currently no single method that can be unequivocally regarded as the gold standard for diagnosis of H. pylori infection.