Soil is made of rock after physical, chemical, and biological weathering and it is distributed in gravel, sand, silt, and clay. The formation of soil requires many years. Particles mostly 75 micron passing black cotton soil exhibit various characteristics such as liquid limit, plastic limit, plastic index density, specific gravity and swelling pressure. The nature of various property variations depends upon the clay mineral that was present in B.C. Soil. In Maharashtra, large amount of smectite group is present, in that 2:1 type of montmorillonite mineral has hydrous aluminosilicate with octahedral sheet which has large amount of swelling pressure property. This paper has to study the swelling properties and characteristics of B.C. soil by using analyses of the soil from various locations. As per available data of swelling pressure in Maharashtra of different types of engineering soil groups for Mechanical Analysis (Sieve), Atterberg limit, OMC. ODD properties under gravel, sand and clay swelling pressure changes depending upon the presence of silt and clay composition. There is a gradual increase in the swelling pressure as silt and clay percentages increase.