Urbanization is driving global warming by releasing greenhouse gases (GHGs). Developing nations are now the primary GHG contributors because of their emphasis on energy and transportation for economic growth. Stratospheric ozone, created by the combination of oxygen and ultraviolet (UV) rays, acts as a shield against harmful solar UV radiation. Tropospheric ozone, the third most significant human induced GHG after carbon dioxide and methane, is formed through reactions involving nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and volatile organic compounds. This GHG is primarily emitted by transportation and industrial facilities, impacting both urban and rural areas socially, environmentally, and economically. This raises concerns about assessing GHG sources, contributing systems, and catalysts. Thus, this study aims to investigate the impact of anthropogenic NO2 as a catalyst on tropospheric ozone formation in the identified urban and rural areas of India. The study utilizes Sentinel 5P TROPOMI's NO2 and ozone spatial data with a 3.5 km × 3.5 km grid resolution and incorporates spatial indicators like land use and land cover. Through grid-based analysis, NO2 and ozone concentrations are interpolated with each other to determine emission patterns and environmental impacts. The study also employs correlation analysis between anthropogenic NO2 and tropospheric ozone formation. The analysis and results of various spatial indicators’ influence on NO2 emissions will guide the formulation of strategies for mitigating pollution by considering the GHG’s trans-boundary nature. This methodology can be used as a framework for investigating the formation and mitigation of other greenhouse gases.