Every year, millions of pilgrims travel to Medina for Umrah and Hajj. This challenge strains the existing transportation infrastructure and leads to traffic congestion and service inefficiencies. The urgency of this challenge was intensified by Vision 2030's goal of attracting more than 23 million annual visitors. Addressing this sustainability challenge requires the development of an exceptionally efficient and innovative transportation system to facilitate the movement of visitors among historical sites. Selecting the most suitable mode of urban transportation is a complex and multifaceted task. This complexity is further complicated by Medina's distinctive urban planning characteristics, where historical growth occurred without consideration for accommodating the current surge of visitors. This study seeks to identify the most sustainable and optimal transportation system for connecting the most important historical sites in Medina. The study rigorously assesses various city transportation systems, including Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), Bus Rapid Transit Using Dedicated Lane (BRTD), Light Rail Transit (LRT), Automated Guideway (AGT), Monorail Hanging Type, Monorail Straddle Type, and Metro. The paper conducts an extensive evaluation of Medina's transportation system, covering both infrastructure and public transport elements. A proposed decision framework involves a controlled survey with transportation experts was conducted to select the optimum public transportation system. Following an extensive evaluation of multiple transportation options, the study identified the Monorail Straddle Type proves to be the most promising solution, efficiently and sustainably connecting these vital sites.