Introduction

Most Muslims consider logic merely as a tool as they follow how Aristotle consider logic in the past. Classical Muslim philosophers such as al-Farabi and Ibn Sina did not directly access Aristotle's books on logic but they read the translations made by Hunayn ibn Ishaq and his team. This translation is nevertheless problematic because it is not verbatim, and the process of translation from the ancient Greek happen through the ancient Aramaic and then to the Arabic. This situation implies some differences between what Aristotle establishes in his six books of logic and the way classical Muslim philosophers comprehend them one of which is the discourse on demonstration or burhan. Such differences might appear like an innovation or a deviation on some occasions. Having said that, one of the most challenging questions is: to what extent does burhan in mantiqMantiq (logic in Islamic education) develop either in the sense of innovation or deviation from the original concept of demonstration in the Aristotelian or consistent logic?