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This study considers long-term assessments of energy generation, usage, and banked rates in a multi-purpose religious development in the eastern part of the US. Installation of solar photovoltaic panels was a measure taken to improve energy efficiency of the development. The overarching goal of the research is to understand on-site energy generation, consumption, and banked rates over multiple years in historic religious buildings that have not undergone retrofitting in terms of their building envelopes. The study seeks to understand possibility of improving the energy saving rates in the development. The research considered environmental monitoring from Nov. 2021–Jul. 2022 and collection of actual on-site energy generation, consumption, and banked data in the development from 2016–2021. The average energy banked rate of 5,747 kilowatt-hours per year (kWh/year) was reported. Average solar radiation kilowatt-hours per square meter per day (kWh/m2/day) varied from 2.80 in November to 5.65 in June. The development used approximately 7% less of the solar energy generated than the energy consumed per year. The actual/predicted energy rate across the years varied from 0.67 to 1.21 with an average of 0.93. Energy production is higher during the third quarter than other quarters of the year. The banked rate is significantly lower in the first and fourth quarters of the year than other quarters, The research identified energy-saving measures are most critical in the first and fourth quarters of the years due to lower energy generation than the rest of the years. The study highlights that energy-saving measures are not only essential in the warmer months, but they are also crucial during the colder months. The study provides insights into need for integrating other clean energy sources to supplement solar energy generation in large developments during the cold months. Other measures related to users’ activities, occupation hours, preferences, smart metering, retrofitting strategies and others can also improve overall energy savings in various developments.

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Solar Energy Generation, Consumption, and Stored Rates in a Multi-purpose Religious Development

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Timothy O. Adekunle

摘要

This study considers long-term assessments of energy generation, usage, and banked rates in a multi-purpose religious development in the eastern part of the US. Installation of solar photovoltaic panels was a measure taken to improve energy efficiency of the development. The overarching goal of the research is to understand on-site energy generation, consumption, and banked rates over multiple years in historic religious buildings that have not undergone retrofitting in terms of their building envelopes. The study seeks to understand possibility of improving the energy saving rates in the development. The research considered environmental monitoring from Nov. 2021–Jul. 2022 and collection of actual on-site energy generation, consumption, and banked data in the development from 2016–2021. The average energy banked rate of 5,747 kilowatt-hours per year (kWh/year) was reported. Average solar radiation kilowatt-hours per square meter per day (kWh/m2/day) varied from 2.80 in November to 5.65 in June. The development used approximately 7% less of the solar energy generated than the energy consumed per year. The actual/predicted energy rate across the years varied from 0.67 to 1.21 with an average of 0.93. Energy production is higher during the third quarter than other quarters of the year. The banked rate is significantly lower in the first and fourth quarters of the year than other quarters, The research identified energy-saving measures are most critical in the first and fourth quarters of the years due to lower energy generation than the rest of the years. The study highlights that energy-saving measures are not only essential in the warmer months, but they are also crucial during the colder months. The study provides insights into need for integrating other clean energy sources to supplement solar energy generation in large developments during the cold months. Other measures related to users’ activities, occupation hours, preferences, smart metering, retrofitting strategies and others can also improve overall energy savings in various developments.