The availability of the good-quality seed is the most important requirement for successful plantation programmes. The use of high-quality seed is very important because it increases the chance of early gains by improving the establishment success and forest stand performance due to enhanced genetic gain. Knowledge and information regarding the collection and processing of tree seeds, its physical and physiological quality, types and levels of seed dormancy, breaking of dormancy through different pre-treatments to enhance germination, seed storage physiology and longevity, etc. are important. Forestry species offer good scope for quality seed production owing to seed source variability which is being explored and utilized in tree improvement programmes. The guarantee that the new stock will have good survival, growth and shape as well as be better adaptable to stressful situations or severe climates comes from using seeds from carefully chosen, healthy, well-formed trees. The science of seed technology is multidisciplinary and covers a wide range of topics. Based on contemporary agricultural and forestry sciences, seed technology encompasses, in its broadest meaning, seed biology, production, processing, storage, testing, certification, quality control, marketing, distribution and sale of seeds. For the correct handling of seed as well as the management of seed sources, an understanding of seed biology is essential. The use of any species in the plantation programme is frequently restricted by issues with seed acquisition, handling, processing and lack of technology. This chapter covers various aspects like seed development, morphology and anatomy, seed collection methods and tools, seed extraction, processing and handling, seed quality evaluation, direct and indirect tests of viability, seed dormancy and pretreatments, seed drying and desiccation, storage, seed storage facilities, standards for seed certification and future scope of forest seed technology.