The criteria and indicators (C&I) approach to sustainable forest management (SFM) has emerged since the climate change debate began in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) was the first to introduce 8 criteria and about 45 indicators for the sustainable management of tropical forests in 1992. Since then, some 11 processes have been developed globally, each catering to the contextual relevance of a specific region or forest type. One such initiative is that of the dry forests in Asia regional initiative for developing and implementing national level C&I for the sustainable management of dry forests in Asia. Also known as the Bhopal-India Process, this initiative of nine countries in Asia developed 8 criteria and 49 indicators for sustainable management of dry forests in Asia. Forest certification emerged as an eco-label to provide a market link between responsible/sustainable forest management practices and green consumers. Forest certification as a possible market-based tool has its foundations in controlling deforestation on the one hand and enhancing the social and environmental values of forests, mainly those of tropical rainforests, on the other hand. Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) emerged as the first international forest certification in 1993 for responsible forestry practices aimed at promoting environmentally sound and socially beneficial forestry. In this process, forest management practices are evaluated and verified against a set of standards by an external independent certification agency. Thus, FSC certification provides confidence to environmentally conscious consumers that the forest products they are buying have been sourced from sustainably managed forest areas with documented proof of sustainability. When combined with a chain-of-custody (CoC) verification, the certification allows the establishment of traceability of the product, confirming it has been derived from a particular certified forest area. Such products can carry an eco-label or the logo of the FSC as proof of such a claim. The second global forest certification system which is in practice is the Program for Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC), which mutually recognizes the national forest certification schemes that aim to harmonize the global forest certification standards with those of national forest certification standards. PEFC has accorded mutual recognition to about 50 national forest certification schemes, the majority of which are in Europe. Globally about 13% of forest area is certified under these two certification schemes. Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are very important forest resources for the local forest-dwelling communities as a source of food, medicine, and income. NTFPs are also a rich biodiversity pool for the global community and important raw materials for natural products such as consumer personal care products, food supplements, and traditional health remedies. Forest certification for NTFPs, hence, is understood as a means of protecting NTFP resources by promoting responsible and improved management practices. It provides third-party assurance that the NTFP management operations and prescriptions meet standards set by the certification system. Forests with NTFP resources are, therefore, evaluated based on a defined set of standards for NTFP sustainable management and harvesting by an independent, qualified third-party auditor.