Introduction

The development of the palm oil industry is significantly boosting the Malaysian economy through the expansion of large plantation areas in the country. The Malaysian government continues to focus on the growth and sustainability of the industry through the implementation of three standards including Malaysia Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO), Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) and International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC). The implementation of these schemes together with Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) demonstrates the government’s commitment towards greater yet sustainable oil palm production. In addition, the utilization of solid and liquid waste from the industry for useful products and uses has shown the potential for creating a circular bioeconomy.