Day by day, the increasing population and enhanced waste have caused serious health problems and the environment. In the world, the human population is enhancing exponentially and in the same ratio, wastes are also increasing. Therefore, that causes a greater waste pollution in front of the world. The waste substances have casually serious effects on human life, and the municipal population are more prone to their harmful effects. Wastes are the main source of income for around 15 million people in the world. In the present scenario, government is more serious about wastes and different technologies are imposing to reduce the wastes. Herein, we explained different kinds of wastes and their chemistry such as metal waste, solid and liquid waste, paper and plastic waste, recyclable waste, glass and ceramic waste, organic waste, non-hazardous and radioactive waste, and construction of building and its destruction waste. We also discussed the emerging technology for the removable of plastic wastes, water wastes, E-waste, organic waste, and nuclear wastes.