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The Government of Indonesia has carried out efforts to reduce greenhouse gases in the transportation sector by accelerating the adoption of ICE- driven vehicles to electric vehicles through an incentives program for both electric two-wheeled (E2W) and four-wheeled (E4W) vehicles. Two hundred fifty thousand incentive packages of IDR 7 million specifically for the transition to electric or convertible 2-wheeled (E2W) vehicles have been allocated in 2023. However, until Q2 2023, this program has not been able to be adequately absorbed. This research shows that the target of adoption needs to be adjusted. Ride-hailing riders should be the primary target for transforming into electric vehicles, especially two-wheelers. With a total of > 3 million riders, the target for reducing greenhouse gas emissions will be significantly improved if the subsidy program is directed at two-wheeled Ride-Hailing riders. Referring to previous research, the potential efficiency gained by Ride-Hailing Riders in terms of cost efficiency is also quite large. Obstacles related to battery charging waiting time are the main issues that should be solved by swapping batteries using Battery Swap Station (BSS). The second-generation E2W that is circulating, like the Smoot Tempur, has adopted a battery swap and BSS support. In the latest generation after Smoot Tempur, Volta Virgo improves the market option by offering a mixed concept using dual batteries, consisting of one embedded battery and one swapped battery, providing more flexibility. This research attempts to prove the Total Cost of Ownership of the lowest price of ICE (Honda Beat) versus three sample products of E2W with different charging technologies, i.e., Viar Q1, Smoot Tempur, and Volta Virgo, for five years of ownership. It has been demonstrated and proven to show the benefits of using electric vehicles in reducing emissions and having a lower cost of ownership for Ride-Hailing drivers when using the right technological concepts, especially those that accommodate battery swap technology. Providing incentives to E2W will create a wider gap between E2W and ICE.

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The Economic Analysis of Using E2W for Ride- Hailing Riders as a Main Strategy for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Transportation Sectors in Indonesia

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Yudha Andrian Saputra,
  • Triyogi Yuwono,
  • Alief Wikarta,
  • Patdono Suwignjo,
  • Satrio Samudro Aji Basuki

摘要

The Government of Indonesia has carried out efforts to reduce greenhouse gases in the transportation sector by accelerating the adoption of ICE- driven vehicles to electric vehicles through an incentives program for both electric two-wheeled (E2W) and four-wheeled (E4W) vehicles. Two hundred fifty thousand incentive packages of IDR 7 million specifically for the transition to electric or convertible 2-wheeled (E2W) vehicles have been allocated in 2023. However, until Q2 2023, this program has not been able to be adequately absorbed. This research shows that the target of adoption needs to be adjusted. Ride-hailing riders should be the primary target for transforming into electric vehicles, especially two-wheelers. With a total of > 3 million riders, the target for reducing greenhouse gas emissions will be significantly improved if the subsidy program is directed at two-wheeled Ride-Hailing riders. Referring to previous research, the potential efficiency gained by Ride-Hailing Riders in terms of cost efficiency is also quite large. Obstacles related to battery charging waiting time are the main issues that should be solved by swapping batteries using Battery Swap Station (BSS). The second-generation E2W that is circulating, like the Smoot Tempur, has adopted a battery swap and BSS support. In the latest generation after Smoot Tempur, Volta Virgo improves the market option by offering a mixed concept using dual batteries, consisting of one embedded battery and one swapped battery, providing more flexibility. This research attempts to prove the Total Cost of Ownership of the lowest price of ICE (Honda Beat) versus three sample products of E2W with different charging technologies, i.e., Viar Q1, Smoot Tempur, and Volta Virgo, for five years of ownership. It has been demonstrated and proven to show the benefits of using electric vehicles in reducing emissions and having a lower cost of ownership for Ride-Hailing drivers when using the right technological concepts, especially those that accommodate battery swap technology. Providing incentives to E2W will create a wider gap between E2W and ICE.