Conclusions

Previous studies on SCE were mostly based on travel survey data, and analysis units are of different sizes and shapes. SCE is highly affected by the sizes and shapes of analysis units. Although MAUP is well known, its effect on SCE has not been well addressed. Mobile phone location data record individuals’ work trips on a large scale. Such data have significant potential in analyzing spatial variations of SCE at multiple scales, instead of relying primarily on travel survey data.