Advances in Diagnosis and Management of Infectious Keratitis

Infectious keratitis is an ophthalmic emergency that can progress rapidly, causing significant visual impairment if not promptly treated. Common symptoms include pain, redness, discharge, and vision loss. The condition is caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, with risk factors such as contact lens use, trauma, and immunosuppression. Diagnosis relies on clinical evaluation and laboratory tests like cultures or PCR. Treatment varies by the causative pathogen, including antibiotics for bacterial infections, antivirals for viral cases, and antifungals or anti-amoebic drugs for fungal and Acanthamoeba infections. Pythium keratitis, a newer entity, mimics fungal keratitis and responds to antibacterial treatment. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be needed. Early detection and treatment are critical for preventing complications, such as corneal scarring or perforation.