Unraveling the Urban Symphony: A Holistic Investigation of Traffic Noise in Vijayawada City

Transportation plays an indispensable role in bolstering economic growth and social inclusivity, yet it remains a major contributor to environmental pollution, including noise pollution, which is often overlooked due to its non-acute health effects and requires increased awareness and vigilance. This study examines the issue of high noise pollution on urban roads in India, using Vijayawada City as a case area. The objective is (a) to gain insights into the characteristics of traffic noise and (b) to identify the factors that contribute to noise pollution. Three intersections were selected, along the National Highway-16 (Chennai-Srikakulam Highway) that runs through the city to measure the levels of noise. A videography survey was conducted for 6 h a day for 1 week (42 h) in the month of January 2023. Noise monitoring equipment (Norsonic 140) was used to measure the noise levels. To estimate the noise levels, a prediction model was developed using structural equation modeling. This model considered both direct and indirect impacts of various factors on noise levels. This analysis helped establish the relationships between road geometry, traffic flow, built environment factors, and their impact on road noise levels. Furthermore, the study revealed that the noise at intersections was primarily influenced by two factors, the honking behavior of two-wheelers and the volume of heavy traffic. The developed prediction model offers a valuable tool for estimating noise levels.