Tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius), is a polyphagous lepidopteran pest of family Noctuidae and found worldwide with a broad range of hosts. It is a vigorous foliage feeder and known to cause severe damages to various agricultural crops including soybean. This insect possesses a holometabolous life cycle with four stages (i.e., adult, egg, larva, and pupa). The adult morphology dictates a clear difference in male and female, where the forewings of males are shorter than the females and show an orbicular spot on forewing. The larval forms of this insect are destructive and obliterate the plants within a larval period of approximately 15–30 days. The insect is managed by various tactics including cultural (such as crop rotation, ploghing, etc.), mechanical (such as hand picking, collection, and destruction), physical (with the help of traps), biological (by using predators and parasitoids), and chemical tactics (use of insecticides). These tactics are now consolidated into a unified program known as integrated pest management (IPM). IPM is a holistic approach in pest management and the purpose is to minimize the pest population at a level where the economic damage is avoided. To employ a better management tactic, the understanding of life cycle, morphology, and taxonomy of insect pest is very important to minimize the damage. Therefore, this chapter covers the taxonomy and biology of tobacco caterpillar for a better implementation of management program for the proper management of an insect.