This chapter examines China’s concept of “ecological civilization” (shengtai wenming 生态文明) as a strategic policy discourse within the broader framework of Chinese grand strategy. While often framed as a domestic initiative to balance economic growth with environmental sustainability, ecological civilization also functions as a geopolitical tool for reshaping global trade, investment, and technological leadership. As China restructures its industrial base around clean energy and advanced technologies—including artificial intelligence and robotics—it positions itself at the forefront of a new industrial revolution. Ecological civilization is thus integral to China’s long-term vision of national rejuvenation, reinforcing its aspirations to reclaim a central role in global economic and cultural affairs. By integrating ecological civilization with the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), China advances a model of economic and technological governance distinct from Western paradigms, shaping the foundations of an emerging multipolar world order.