China’s ecological civilization (EC) education evolves from environmental education (EE) and education for sustainable development (ESD). This paper aims to explore its core concepts and goals, analyze the specific content, and study the policy instruments to promote its implementation from the perspective of policies. Additionally, it focuses on how schools implement EC education during the compulsory education stage. In the future, China will further promote the development of EC education and strengthen international exchanges and cooperation to achieve the modernization goal of harmonious coexistence between human and nature.