Carbon (C) is considered the most abundant element on the planet, so it is desirable to be applied to different studies. Carbon nanostructures are present in several shapes and forms, each with different properties that their nanometric size can modify. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene show unique electronic, optical, mechanical, and chemical properties, which has led to the development of new nanomaterials with unique properties and new devices. The application of these novel nanomaterials will depend mainly on the synthesis method, where chemical vapor deposition is the most used, using graphite as the primary precursor. The applications of CNTs and graphene are in the electronic industry for storage energy in electronic devices; some other multifunctional materials are used as catalysts and sensors, and carbon-based nanomaterials are reported to be used in the medical area due to their antibacterial properties. Its small size and weight suggest potential uses in wearable equipment, sensors, devices, and medications that can contribute to diseases such as cancer. This chapter describes the different structures of carbon, its synthesis methods currently used, and the main properties that make it attractive in health sciences areas.