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The textile industry annually releases a substantial quantity of dyes into liquid effluents, posing environmental risks due to their high toxicity, carcinogenicity, and xenobiotic nature. The imperative for eco-friendly dye removal methods has prompted exploration into various approaches, including physico-chemical and biological methods. Among the biological methods, enzymes such as catalase, peroxidases, manganese peroxidases, lignin peroxidases, laccases, micro peroxidase-11, polyphenol oxidases, and azoreductases are commonly employed. However, the extraction of natural enzymes is laborious and time-consuming. To overcome these challenges, researchers have developed enzyme-mimicking nanomaterials (NMs) as alternatives to natural enzymes. Nano-enzymes (NZs) exhibit advantages such as low cost, ease of bulk preparation, high stability, biocompatibility, and resilience to harsh conditions. This chapter explores carbon-based NMs, widely utilized in NZ production for their well-defined electronic and geometric structures, enabling efficient mimicry of highly evolved catalytic centers in natural enzymes. Carbon dots (CDs) or quantum dots (QDs) within these NMs also demonstrate the scavenging ability of free radicals, contributing to the production of azo compounds. Notably, CDs exhibit superior reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging compared to other compounds, showcasing their potential in environmental remediation.

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Catalases: Role in Pollution Reduction Caused by Dyes

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Aijaz Ali Otho,
  • Sakib Hussain Laghari,
  • Mujahid Mehdi,
  • Sohail Shahzad,
  • Sarfaraz Ahmed Mahesar,
  • Rabia Asma Memon,
  • Saeed Akhter Abro,
  • Altaf Ahmed Simair,
  • Abdul Hameed Kori,
  • Saeeda Rind

摘要

The textile industry annually releases a substantial quantity of dyes into liquid effluents, posing environmental risks due to their high toxicity, carcinogenicity, and xenobiotic nature. The imperative for eco-friendly dye removal methods has prompted exploration into various approaches, including physico-chemical and biological methods. Among the biological methods, enzymes such as catalase, peroxidases, manganese peroxidases, lignin peroxidases, laccases, micro peroxidase-11, polyphenol oxidases, and azoreductases are commonly employed. However, the extraction of natural enzymes is laborious and time-consuming. To overcome these challenges, researchers have developed enzyme-mimicking nanomaterials (NMs) as alternatives to natural enzymes. Nano-enzymes (NZs) exhibit advantages such as low cost, ease of bulk preparation, high stability, biocompatibility, and resilience to harsh conditions. This chapter explores carbon-based NMs, widely utilized in NZ production for their well-defined electronic and geometric structures, enabling efficient mimicry of highly evolved catalytic centers in natural enzymes. Carbon dots (CDs) or quantum dots (QDs) within these NMs also demonstrate the scavenging ability of free radicals, contributing to the production of azo compounds. Notably, CDs exhibit superior reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging compared to other compounds, showcasing their potential in environmental remediation.