Catalysts make use of materials that speed up a chemical process without being used itself. The efficiency of any chemical process could be significantly improved by making use of suitable in-expensive catalysts with desirable properties and reusability factors. Efforts to achieve the aforementioned goals have led to the design and development of more sustainable approaches thereby paving the way for the development of textile catalysis in the last decade. Textile catalysis makes use of an immobilization approach, where the biobased compounds (enzymes) and organic compounds/organometallics are anchored using natural and synthetic textiles as catalyst support for the development of a number of highly relevant new catalysts with enhanced catalytic efficiency and broad-spectrum applications. This led to the inclusion of a new concept in the literature named ‘‘immobilization of catalysts on textiles’’ or ‘‘textile catalysts/catalysis’’ in the field of heterogeneous catalysis systems (industrial biotechnology) as well as in technical textiles. This chapter highlights/explains two main categories of textile catalysts, i.e., organotextile catalysts and biobased textile catalysts taking into account the synthetic approaches, their types, and applications besides a highlight on SDG prospect. In addition, a brief account of limitations/challenges and future perspectives of the textile catalysts has been presented as a part of this chapter.