Ports are the lifeline of Indian economy. More than 90% of India’s merchandise trade by volume is transported via ocean routes. Not only does it handle trade, but ports are also planned to serve the country's strategic needs. However, low productivity and inefficiency of ports in India have been identified as major constraints affecting India’s trade. Why is productivity of port so important? A productive and efficient port has often been a prerequisite for successful growth strategies, particularly those driven by exports. By sharp contrast, a poorly functioning or inefficient port can hinder growth. This chapter analyses the TFP growth (TFPG) of the Indian ports. One of the conclusions is that major ports in India have witnessed significant productivity strides post-inauguration of the Sagarmala project.