The chapter addresses the scale and the effectiveness of international research cooperation of BRICS countries through analysis of key statistics of their publication activities. The special focus is made on the identification of areas of intra-BRICS research collaboration, which have the largest potential for further development. For this purpose, an approach has been proposed that allows for assessing relative intensity of international research collaboration for various thematic areas and identifying the most promising among them in terms of their relative importance. The analysis involves the use of the following three indices: Revealed comparative advantages (RCA), Relative intensity of intra-BRICS collaboration (RIIC) and BRICS partners importance growth (BPIG). Based on the analysis carried out, we identify thematic areas where scientific cooperation between BRICS countries can be strengthened.