Introduction

Climate, especially the impact caused by climate change on the economy and society, has become a global issue which has drawn great attentions of international governments and the science community nowadays, for the reason that certain worldwide climatic anomaly has brought about severe problems on food as well as the energy. For instance, the long-term drought for years in Africa has led to serious food crisis in many countries, leaving millions of people in famine. And even the most developed economy, the US, could only “go with the flow” faced by the climatic anomaly. The severe cold in the winter of 1972, for example, worsened the energy crisis and resulted in the huge economy loss for the United States, while another drought in 1988 reduced the food production by as much as 37%. Therefore, it has become a major scientific issue which has to be solved urgently on how to forecast and predict the climatic anomaly.