Post Industrial Revolution, the symbiotic association between man and theEnvironment environment has become increasingly complex. With the expansion of industrialization, extraction of resources has been phenomenal thus affecting the ecosystem in unprecedented ways. Today, we require sophisticated systems to manage and sustain the complex process of industrialization. Society is at risk of using and adapting to technology-based products and processes that are highly sophisticated. Presently in the globalized world, environmental-related issues have become very important. Gandhian philosophy ofDevelopment development provides solutions to this and is similar to the concept of sustainability. Mahatma Gandhi’s Hind SwarajHind swaraj is seen as a critic of industrialization, urbanization,Urbanization and modernizationModernization. Since the 1960s onwards the concept ofDevelopment development has been thoroughly debated. In this background, the notion ofSustainability sustainability has now become a matter of concern within the international communityCommunity. In this context, the Gandhian philosophy of trusteeshipTrusteeship has been examined in this chapter which provides a historical basis for its understanding in the context of India.