Liver cancer is a common malignancy in China, accounting for 85–90% of all liver tumors. According to the archival data at the China National Cancer Center and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC), China’s yearly numbers of newly diagnosed cases of liver cancer and deaths related to liver cancer have been stabilized in the past 15 years. However, the incidence of liver cancer remains high. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) reported in 2018 that although China’s incidence of liver cancer ranks ninth in the world, China has the largest number of liver cancer patients due to the huge population base in China. It is estimated that China has about seven million patients with hepatic cirrhosis. The yearly number of newly diagnosed patients with liver cancer is about 460 thousand, and the 5-year survival is only 12.1%. Among the common cancers, liver cancer ranks fifth in terms of overall incidence and second in terms of mortality. Liver cancer is second only to pancreatic cancer in terms of M/I ratio. Among all cancers in males, liver cancer ranks fourth in terms of incidence and second in terms of mortality. Among all cancers in females, liver cancer ranks seventh in terms of incidence but second in terms of mortality. Liver cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in both urban and rural regions. Liver cancer is more common in males than in females, with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 3.5:1.