A Novel Fractal Geometry Enhanced Microstrip Patch Antenna Design for 5G Connectivity with DGS and Machine Learning Optimization for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication

Ensuring robust vehicle connectivity is the most critical significance in the rapidly advancing field of vehicular communication within the 5G framework, which uses the futuristic frequency ranges. Here, we provide a novel proposal that addresses this problem by combining innovative antenna design with state-of-the-art optimization techniques and fractal geometry. Our concept centers on developing a rectangular microstrip patch antenna capable of operating on multiple bands with the operating frequency range of 25–32 GHz. It relies on fractal geometry for multi-band operation support and to obtain improved radiation characteristics. By applying the concept of defective ground structure (DGS) an enhancement in gain and connection is noticed. This innovative design employs Artificial Neural Networks’ (ANNs) techniques for optimizing antenna dimensions with precise alignment. Our innovative method resulted in a gain of 9 dB which improves vehicle communication range and quality. To address the complicated frequency spectrum needs of 5G vehicle communication, fractal geometry integration increases multi-band adaptability. Incorporating DGS not only enhances radiation properties but also guarantees more robust noise reduction, leading to higher signal fidelity. An exciting new direction in antenna engineering and fractal geometry optimization with DGS, ANN sets the stage for unprecedented connection and communication quality gains. By offering more secure, efficient, and technologically advanced solutions in the ever-changing 5G environment, our invention could significantly impact the evolution of vehicle networks.