The increasing impacts of climate change and human activities have disrupted the global equilibrium, resulting in more frequent natural disasters. India, in particular, has grappled with 402 natural disasters between 2000 and 2023, impacting a staggering 1.1 billion individuals. Among these calamities, floods and storms have reigned as the most prevalent disasters for 24 consecutive years, affecting over 406 million people. This realization highlights the critical need to thoroughly examine the environmental causes and consequences of these disasters for effective disaster preparedness and mitigation strategies. In the context of water quality during flood and storm disasters, a survey of the literature reveals characteristic raw water quality. The surveyed literature indicates that during such events, the raw water often exhibits a pH range of 7–10, turbidity exceeding 500 NTU, and total dissolved solids exceeding 2000 mg/L, and high concentrations of fecal coliforms. Examining the repercussions on water sources, particularly through water sampling and analysis during different monsoon phases, provides valuable insights. A detailed assessment of disaster impacts equips us with crucial information to enhance preparedness strategies and develop innovative technologies for effective mitigation. These findings emphasize the necessity of water treatment before domestic use during disasters. In conclusion, the integrated discussions shed light on the intricate dynamics of water quality management amidst changing environmental conditions and the pressing need for proactive measures in disaster-prone regions.