Nitrate pollution in groundwater is a major issue globally since it poses health concerns when taken in high concentrations, especially for young children and pregnant women. Industrial activity, poor waste disposal, and agricultural runoff are the main causes of nitrate pollution. Odisha has a high prevalence of nitrate-contaminated groundwater because of several reasons, including the usage of fertilizers, wastewater discharges, and leachate from septic tanks. In the current study, the most seriously impacted districts in the state of Odisha because of excessive nitrate concentrations, their causes, and the exposure of at-risk people to nitrate risk were emphasized. The fluctuations in concentration and health risk caused by groundwater nitrate contamination can be seen through a correlative and geographical analysis using ArcGIS. The findings suggested that excessive nitrate pollution in Odisha state's N-W districts was a result of fertilizer application, which is common in the region. According to assessments of human health hazards, children between the ages of 0 and 6 have greater health risks than adults. It is obvious that developing and offering the state a better approach is necessary to stop additional nitrate pollution of the groundwater.