As the service life of industrial building structures increases and they are subjected to complex loads for a long time, it is inevitable for them to suffer damage. Neglecting such damage for a long period of time can lead to structural failure or even collapse, and the safety and durability of the structures urgently require resolution. The harsh working environment and complex load conditions of industrial buildings limit the application of monitoring technology in the field of industrial engineering diagnosis and treatment. Due to the progress of the new generation of diagnostic technology, intelligent monitoring, analysis, evaluation, and diagnosis technology based on expert knowledge and data-driven integration will become an important research direction for industrial building diagnosis and treatment. This study is based on passive wireless sensing technology and focuses on the monitoring of industrial building structures using passive wireless sensing systems. The accuracy target of 3% was achieved, and the feasibility of passive sensing technology was verified. Over the long term, this study will promote the application of passive wireless sensing technology in the field of civil engineering and provide new ideas for the development of civil engineering structure safety and intelligent sensing research.