Geosynthetics have transformed geotechnical engineering, especially in road construction, by providing solutions for separating, reinforcing, and minimizing crack propagation in road pavements. They promote sustainability through resource-efficient solutions, carbon footprint reduction, and natural resource conservation. Geosynthetics have demonstrated the ability to prolong the durability of pavements, reduce maintenance expenses, and improve stability in mining regions. Performing life-cycle cost analyses is essential to assess the advantages of geotextiles in road construction. This literature review seeks to investigate the various roles of geosynthetics in road construction, specifically in pavement reinforcement, subgrade stabilization, and performance evaluation using laboratory tests. Challenges encompass design guidelines, standardization of experiments, effectiveness concerns, and lack of expertise in field experiments. Thorough tests are crucial for accurately assessing the performance of geosynthetics and guiding decision-making in soil reinforcement projects. Comprehending soil behavior, following design guidelines, and performing comprehensive tests are essential for optimizing the effectiveness of geosynthetics in road structures and guaranteeing sustainable and efficient soil reinforcement solutions.