Breast Reconstruction: Evidence and Challenges

Breast reconstruction following mastectomy plays a crucial role in improving the psychosocial and physical well-being of breast cancer patients. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the evolution of breast reconstruction techniques, from early implant-based approaches to contemporary autologous tissue reconstruction. We highlight the oncological safety of breast reconstruction, drawing on evidence from recent studies that show no significant increase in recurrence rates compared to mastectomy alone. Despite advancements, challenges persist, especially concerning radiation therapy’s impact on reconstruction outcomes, the need for regular implant surveillance, and late complications such as breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Future directions include the optimization of reconstruction timing and personalized approaches to enhance patient outcomes.