Soybean has long served as a vital source of both protein and oil. Through the evolution of domestication and breeding techniques, they have emerged as the most widely cultivated oilseed crop globally. Renowned for their provision of high-quality proteins for aquaculture and livestock as well as oil for both human consumption and industrial applications, soybean plays a crucial role in meeting various demands. Addressing the ever-growing global need for soybean requires heightened productivity, achievable through the development of robust, high-yielding varieties. While traditional breeding methods remain valuable, they alone cannot sufficiently elevate productivity and genetic advancements. Hence, the field has witnessed significant progress in molecular breeding techniques, like MAS-marker-aided selection, gene editing technologies, and the integration of AI-artificial intelligence for managing extensive omics datasets. These innovative methods offer promising prospects for creating superior breeding lines with enhanced precision and efficiency within shorter maturity duration. Moreover, the incorporation of cutting-edge techniques such as speed breeding, high-throughput phenotyping, and genotyping further amplifies the effectiveness and pace of genetic selection processes. This chapter explores marker-assisted selection, genomic-assisted breeding, and genome editing technologies specific to soybean, all of which are poised to significantly contribute to crop enhancement and breeding initiatives.