As climate change presents unprecedented challenges to global agriculture, ensuring the resilience of staple crops has become imperative for food security. Groundnut cultivation faces increasing vulnerability to shifting climatic patterns, necessitating innovative approaches for sustainable crop improvement. This chapter explains the current state of breeding strategies for improving climate resilience in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), a vital oilseed and protein source. It encompasses traditional breeding methods, advanced molecular techniques, and novel cutting-edge genomic tools. Through critical analysis, we discuss the efficacy of these strategies in fortifying groundnut plants against challenges such as drought, temperature extremes, and emerging diseases. The genetic diversity within groundnut germplasm and wild relatives as sources of adaptive traits are discussed, emphasizing the importance of broadening the genetic base. The incorporation of QTLs and markers for selection to expedite the breeding process has been explored, shedding light on their role in creating groundnut varieties with increased stress tolerance. To overcome extended generation times, we explore the transformative potential of speed breeding, which enables multiple generations within a year. Genomic engineering technology provides a solution for developing stress resilience. Transgenic groundnut lines show resistance to various stresses. These strategies play an important role in sustainable groundnut improvement during adverse environmental challenges. This chapter highlights the potential of these advanced technologies for precise trait manipulation and acceleration of the breeding cycle in groundnut.