Oilseed crops are cultivated and consumed globally on a large scale and have been the major sources of fat and protein. The food preparations and different delicacies are completely dependent on the oilseed crops. Few of these oilseed crops have industrial applications as well; however, our focus is on major oilseed crops such as soybean, sunflower, groundnut, brassica, canola, coconut, oil palm, and rapeseed. This book provides the current status of breeding climate-resilient oilseed crops, keeping in mind nutrition and quality. Availability of multiple advanced tools and technologies to fasten and making the development process more precise, leading to a reduction in resource use. Further attention is warranted to make these crops more mechanized in order to lower the cost of production as well as saving the time. The challenge is now to integrate and implement these advanced technologies, and methods in the ongoing crop improvement programs.