Fluoride-Contaminated Water and Its Treatment: A Review

This chapter reviewed all the processes reported for water defluoridation for freshwater preparation on both domestic and industrial scales. It aimed at providing specific information on various attempts made by researchers in field of F− elimination from contaminated water. The majority of the fluoride in our bodies comes from drinking water. One of the main disease caused by excess amount of F− in water is fluorosis which is incurable so precaution is the only option. It is an important threat to public health in India. Fluoride impacts on health and its increasing effect are reviewed along with the status in India. The first and most important preventive action is to drink fluoride-safe water. In every technique, we should describe that how we can remove fluoride from drinking water but it will be employed based on condition and requirements because every technique has its advantage and limitation. Membrane processes are modern techniques that are more effective but are costly can be modified and researched further, so therefore this method can be employed economically. This process is not suitable for water with high salinity. A wide range of adsorbent which is generally very attractive & depending upon requirement can be used. For Indian rural communities, the Nalgonda technique is the most suitable.