Biological Strategies of Fluoride Mitigation

Many minerals and rocks contain fluoride, a common element that has caused significant concerns due to its extensive distribution and high concentration in groundwater. Naturally occurring in soil and water, fluoride (F−), an anion of fluorine, acts as a harmful inorganic pollutant even at lower concentrations and requires rapid treatment. Although expensive, time-consuming, and labour-intensive, conventional fluoride remediation techniques are not viable for sustainable agriculture. The answer is to eradicate this environmental pollution as much as possible by implementing contemporary, economical, eco-friendly, and cost-effective technology. biological techniques, such as bioremediation, which uses higher plants, fungi, bacteria, and algae, provide promise for managing fluoride pollution, recovering polluted soil, and enhancing vegetation. Native natural agents may be more effective in sustainable agriculture and preferred over hazardous chemicals. The current article examines several bioremediation strategies intended for fluoride-contaminated habitats and evaluates their possible implications for environmental management.