A big data platform of the three poles is established with functions including data archiving, curation, integration, sharing, analysis, and visualization, leveraging advanced information technologies such as cloud storage, cloud computing, and big data analysis. This platform contains considerable polar data, including remote sensing data, ground-based observations, model simulations, data assimilation products, and social-economic data. Moreover, it integrates a suite of the big data analysis toolbox and scientific models related to the cryosphere, atmosphere, ecology, and hydrology. The initiative has birthed two novel SDG data streams: diverse resolution remote sensing products, and detailed climate, hydrologic, and biosphere predictive models. It's also enhanced data-driven research and provided assorted polar services, including Arctic ice forecasts, integrated land-atmosphere data synthesis, and intelligent navigation for maritime routes. The integration of the above-mentioned SDG data, analytics toolbox, and models has enhanced our understanding in several key areas: (1) the teleconnection characteristics of polar–global interaction, (2) the polar paleoenvironment and paleoclimate, (3) the temporal and spatial patterns of the cryosphere and ecohydrology, and (4) the scientific foundations for sustainable development in the three poles.