Comparative Analysis of Multiple Deterministic Path Traversal Schemes for Localization in 3D-UWSN

The demand for underwater wireless sensor networks in various real-time applications has greatly reduced the significance of human intervention. Underwater wireless sensor networks are cost-efficient and energy-efficient. This paper presents the comparative analysis of multiple paths traversal schemes: scan, double scan, circle, linear-hexagonal (LH), and triangular approach to encounter the problem and compare the traversal schemes three-dimensionally. Mobile anchor points are preferred over static ones for localization, which reduces the number of required GPS modules within the sensor nodes. Utilizing mobile anchor nodes involves traversal path optimization, reducing the traversed path length and average localization error. The experimental performance of the proposed scheme regarding the total path traversed and the number of beacon nodes is better than other geometric-based deterministic path-planning schemes.