Challenge and Integration: China’s Response to Western Market
摘要
From the mid-eighteenth century, the Canton System emerged as the sole conduit for China’s foreign trade. Bulk commodities such as tea, silk, porcelain, and various export-oriented industrial products were continuously sold abroad through this system. As the demand in Western markets expanded, foreign merchants in Guangzhou became more deeply involved in the production and decoration of these export crafts, leading to a transformation in both their manufacturing methods and decorative styles. The most representative example of this change was the ceramic tea ware exported to Britain. This transformative process was not only a positive response from the Chinese ceramic industry to Western market demands but also reflected the profound exchange and intense collision between Chinese and British design cultures.