Some new insights about the structure and seismotectonics of the Himalaya are given in this chapter including thick or doubling of the crust and the role of detachment surface, Low-Velocity Zones (LVZs), transverse faults and subducting ridges of the Indian plate in Himalayan earthquakes. Strain rates inferred from GPS are described for different sectors of the Himalaya–Myanmar–Andaman belt and estimates of return periods of large earthquakes are highlighted. Seismic gap areas in the Himalaya inferred from past large earthquakes are described.