Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder marked by repeated episodes of upper airway collapse during sleep, often presenting as loud snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness. This review explores the current approaches to screening, diagnosis, and management of OSA, highlighting the effectiveness of tools like the STOP-BANG questionnaire, which offers a sensitivity of 93%, outperforming many other screening methods. Diagnosis primarily relies on polysomnography, the gold standard, with severity determined by the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI). Obesity remains a key risk factor, significantly affecting both disease progression and treatment response. Management requires a comprehensive strategy that includes lifestyle changes, positive airway pressure therapy, oral appliances, and surgical options for resistant cases. Emphasis is placed on risk stratification and individualized treatment, especially in patients with comorbid conditions. An evidence-based, tailored approach enhances early detection and improves clinical outcomes.