One of the critical challenges in managing Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in adults—particularly within primary care—is ensuring timely detection and intervention. HIV screening may be initiated in various ways, including patient request, clinician suspicion, identification of high-risk behaviours, or as part of routine antenatal screening in pregnant women. This guide provides practical, evidence-based recommendations to support early detection, risk assessment, and appropriate intervention, with the goal of improving outcomes and ultimately reducing HIV transmission. It serves as an essential resource for clinicians involved in HIV prevention and management