Thrombocytopenia is a common hematological condition worldwide. This chapter highlights the importance of a thorough patient history and physical examination in identifying potential causes and risk factors. Diagnostic tools are presented as essential in determining the underlying etiology. Treatment approaches vary based on the specific diagnosis—from addressing the primary condition (such as treating infections) to targeted therapies like corticosteroids for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), or referral to hematology for active bleeding or complex cases. The chapter also underscores the critical role of family physicians in patient education, emphasizing bleeding risk awareness, preventive strategies, and the need for regular follow-up to monitor platelet counts.