.The diagnosis of osteoporosis relies on the judicious application of clinical criteria and opportunistic screening. As the condition is often asymptomatic, it is frequently identified retrospectively following a fracture. The first-line diagnostic test is the measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Management requires a holistic approach encompassing pharmacotherapy, physical activity, dietary modifications, and the reduction of modifiable risk factors