Screening and detection of COVID-19 rely on the accurate application of case definitions and clinical criteria. Symptoms typically begin 4 to 5 days after exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, though approximately one-third of individuals may remain asymptomatic. Common clinical features include fever, cough, myalgia, and headache, with symptom presentation varying depending on the circulating variant. First-line diagnostic testing includes nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT), such as RT-PCR, and SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests. All suspected cases should be assessed for treatment eligibility before initiating pharmacological therapy. COVID-19 vaccination is recommended for all individuals aged 6 months and older, regardless of immune status, with very few contraindications.