Shoulder Dislocation and Subluxation
摘要
Shoulder dislocation involves displacement of the humeral head from the glenoid, most commonly anteriorly. Pre-reduction assessment includes checking axillary artery pulses and performing a full neurological exam of radial, ulnar, median, and axillary nerves. Posterior dislocations are reduced via gentle traction with the arm abducted and externally rotated. Post-reduction care includes X-ray, neurocheck, sling immobilization, and follow-up for stability or surgical needs. Complications include recurrent dislocation, fractures, Hill-Sachs and Bankart lesions, and neurovascular injuries like axillary nerve palsy. Referral is required for associated fractures, irreducible dislocations, or neurovascular compromise such as brachial plexus injury.