HPV screening is central to cervical cancer prevention. For women aged 25–65, primary HPV testing every 5 years is preferred; alternatives include co-testing or cytology alone. Under 25, screening is not recommended due to low benefit. Positive HPV results require reflex cytology; if unavailable, HPV 16/18 positivity warrants colposcopy. Special populations (e.g., pregnant, immunosuppressed, post-hysterectomy) follow tailored protocols. Immunocompromised patients require earlier and more frequent testing. Preventive measures include HPV vaccination, delaying sexual debut, safe sex practices, and smoking cessation. Screening may stop after 65 if prior results were consistently negative and no high-risk history exists.